History of Mughal Emperors

    History Of Mughal Emperors 

   

Mughal Empire! Many people are still thrilled to hear the name of this historical empire. Even the most disinterested person would like to peek into that lost time. 

“History of Mughal Emperors” In this article, I will show you the rulers of the Mughal Empire who were lost in the womb of time. 

 Let me tell you about the Mughal emperors who ruled this Hindustan year after year.

 This is not just a historical essay. It is to go back in time and know world history. 

Welcome everyone to this journey. 

1.Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur (1526-1530)

Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, was born on 20 February 1473 in the Fergana region of present-day Uzbekistan in Central Asia. His father Omar Sheikh Mirza was the ruler of the kingdom of Fergana. After the death of his father, Babur ascended the throne of the kingdom of Fergana when he was only 11 years old.

 He is known as 'Babar' in the history of India for his bravery and fearlessness. He was a descendant of "Taimur Long"  from his father's side and "Genghis Khan" from his mother's side.

In his book 'Tuyak-i-Babur' or Babur's autobiography, Babu has beautifully recorded the history of his life's victories and defeats. Babur's best quality is that he had a very strong desire.

He was a bit shy with his first wife Sultan Begum. However, he later lost interest in her. In his autobiography, Babur explains in a very serious way about a boy named "Baburi" who desires adolescence.

This founder of the Mughal Empire could not rule his society for long. Emperor Zahir Uddin or Babur died in 1530 at the age of 46, just 4 years after the establishment of the empire.

   

2.Humayun (1530-1540)

After the death of the Mughal emperor Babur, his son Humayun became the ruler of the Mughal Empire. He helped his father run the country. So his knowledge of state governance was quite good.

In 1520, at the age of 12, Humayun was appointed governor. When Babur invaded India in 1526, Humayun joined him with a party from Badshah.

Humayun achieved his first victory in this campaign. He took part in the Battle of Kannahar as well as led his father's rule against various Afghan insurgents. After the death of his father Babur in 1530, he was chosen as his successor.

 After losing the battle of Chaurasi in 1539, Humayun somehow reached Delhi with his life. Unable to judge Sher Shah's growing power, Humayun was defeated in the battle of Kanauj in 1540.

 He fled to Iran via Sindh. Later, with the help of the Persian emperor, Humayun recaptured Delhi in 1555.

Like his father, he too could not enjoy the empire for long. He died in 1558 after falling from the stairs of the library of Deen Panah fort built by him near Delhi.

3.Akbar (1556-1605)

After the death of Emperor Humayun, his son Akbar seized the throne. At the age of 13, he ascended the throne on 14 February 1556.

"Akbar The Great" is considered as one of the best rulers in the history of India. He was the third emperor of the Mughal Empire. Akbar was the real founder of the empire of Mughal, the first successful conqueror of Rajput independence.

He established the first "bureaucratic" system to stabilize the constitutional situation in India. He also focused on increasing trade relations with other countries.

A common saying about Akbar is that he believed in the principle of "kicks and kisses". That is, he was very kind to those who flattered him and punished those who did not flatter Akbar.

He married a Rajput woman to develop relations with the Rajputs, the main rivals of the Mughals. As a result, the Mughal Empire became the largest frontier tribe ever.

Emperor Akbar left Islam at the end of his life and established a new religion called Deen-i-Ilahi. There are only  16 followers of this religion.

The Mughal Empire was the most developed during the reign of Emperor Akbar and for this reason, he is considered as the best Mughal emperor. Emperor Akbar died in 1605.

4.Jahangir (1605-1627)

Jahangir, the 4th emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605 to 1826. During the reign of Emperor Jahangir, who was addicted to drugs and women, the strong base of the Mughal Empire somewhat weakened.

 However, during his reign the whole of Bengal became part of the Mughal Empire. In 1610, Emperor Jahangir shifted the capital of Bengal from Rajmahal in Bihar to Dhaka.

He introduced Bengali as well as Persian in government work. Emperor Jahangir died in 1626.

5.Sahjahan (1628-1658)

Shah Jahan, son of Emperor Jahangir, ascended the throne of Delhi in 1626 as the 5th emperor of the Mughal Empire. The reign of Emperor Shah Jahan is called the Golden Age of Mughal rule.

In recognition of Emperor Shah Jahan's patronage in the development of art culture, he was called the Prince of Builder. During his time, many developments in art culture took place in the Mughal Empire.

Mumtaz was the 14th wife of Emperor Shah Jahan. Emperor Shah Jahan built the famous Taj Mahal on the banks of the river Jamuna as a token of his unconditional love for his wife Mumtaz.

The immortal creation of Emperor Shah Jahan is: the peacock throne inlaid with diamonds and pearls of Kohinoor. Emperor Shah Jahan built the Red Fort in Delhi, the Jam-i-Masjid, the Diwan-i-Am, the Diwan-i-Khas, the Moti Mosque in Agra and the Salima Garden in Lahore.

Emperor Shah Jahan's last life was spent in extreme poverty. His son Aurangzeb put him under house arrest due to his dissatisfaction with the empire. In 16 AD, Emperor Shah Jahan died in captivity at Agra Fort.

6.Aurangzeb (1658-1707)

During the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire emerged as the strongest in India. During his rule of about 49 years, he ruled the Mughal Empire at least firmly.

During his rule, jizira tax was introduced on infidels. He was also known as Zindapir for leading a simple life and living according to Islamic law. 

Aurangzeb was very bigoted. During his rule, other religions and followers of other religions were subjected to considerable persecution. Aurangzeb died in 1606.

7.Bahdur Shah || (1837-1857)

Emperor Bahadur Shah II was the last Mughal emperor. During his reign, the Mughal Empire weakened and came to an end.

 After the Sepoy Mutiny, he was deported to Rangoon (now Yangon) in 1857. He died in exile in Rangoon in 1862 and was buried in Rangoon.

One of the ultimate lessons of history is, 'History repeats itself.' It teaches us that the empire which was once established through war and bloodshed,  was destroyed according to the unchanging rules of time.

The powerful Mughal Empire is no exception. This empire collapsed after having nobility, prowess, wealth and Aurangzeb’s bigotry was most responsible for this fall.